"公社" meaning in All languages combined

See 公社 on Wiktionary

Noun [Chinese]

IPA: /kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Sinological-IPA], /kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((ɬ-))nia¹¹/ [Puxian-Min, Sinological-IPA], /kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((ɬ-))nia²¹/ [Puxian-Min, Sinological-IPA], /kɔŋ³³ sia²²/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Quanzhou, Sinological-IPA], /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia²²/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Sinological-IPA], /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia³³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Sinological-IPA, Taipei, Kaohsiung]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 公社
  1. commune
    (specifically) primitive commune
    Tags: specifically Synonyms (primitive commune): 氏族公社 (shìzú gōngshè), 原始公社 (yuánshǐ gōngshè)
    Sense id: en-公社-zh-noun-f4sgWB0t Disambiguation of 'primitive commune': 74 26
  2. commune
    (specifically) people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)
    Tags: specifically Synonyms (people's commune): 人民公社 (rénmín gōngshè)
    Sense id: en-公社-zh-noun-1sEmoXNL Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Administrative divisions, China, Communism Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 20 80 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 12 88 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 6 94 Disambiguation of Administrative divisions: 13 87 Disambiguation of China: 1 99 Disambiguation of Communism: 40 60 Disambiguation of "people's commune": 19 81
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: 人民公社 (rénmín gōngshè), 原始公社 (yuánshǐ gōngshè), 巴黎公社 (Bālí Gōngshè), 氏族公社 (shìzú gōngshè)

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [ko̞ːɕa̠] Forms: 公社 [canonical] (ruby: (こう), (しゃ)), kōsha [romanization], 公社 [alternative, kanji, kyūjitai]
Etymology: Compound of 公(こう) (kō, “public”) + 社(しゃ) (sha, “company”). Etymology templates: {{com-ja|公|こう|社|しゃ|t1=public|t2=company}} 公(こう) (kō, “public”) + 社(しゃ) (sha, “company”) Head templates: {{ja-noun|こうしゃ}} 公(こう)社(しゃ) • (kōsha)
  1. a public corporation

Noun [Korean]

Forms: gongsa [romanization], 공사 [hangeul]
Head templates: {{ko-noun|hangeul=공사}} 公社 • (gongsa) (hangeul 공사)
  1. hanja form of 공사 (“government-run corporation”) Tags: form-of, hanja Form of: 공사 (extra: government-run corporation)

Noun [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|noun|||head=|tr=}} 公社, {{vi-noun|sc=Hani}} 公社
  1. chữ Hán form of công xã (“commune”)
{
  "anagrams": [
    {
      "word": "社公"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "rénmín gōngshè",
      "word": "人民公社"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yuánshǐ gōngshè",
      "word": "原始公社"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "Bālí Gōngshè",
      "word": "巴黎公社"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shìzú gōngshè",
      "word": "氏族公社"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kōsha",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "公社",
          "こうしゃ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "公社"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "gongsa",
      "word": "공사(公社)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "公社",
      "word": "công xã"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "公社",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "commune",
        "primitive commune"
      ],
      "id": "en-公社-zh-noun-f4sgWB0t",
      "links": [
        [
          "commune",
          "commune"
        ],
        [
          "primitive",
          "primitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "commune",
        "(specifically) primitive commune"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "roman": "shìzú gōngshè",
          "sense": "primitive commune",
          "word": "氏族公社"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "74 26",
          "roman": "yuánshǐ gōngshè",
          "sense": "primitive commune",
          "word": "原始公社"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "specifically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Administrative divisions",
          "orig": "zh:Administrative divisions",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 99",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "China",
          "orig": "zh:China",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 60",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Communism",
          "orig": "zh:Communism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "commune",
        "people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)"
      ],
      "id": "en-公社-zh-noun-1sEmoXNL",
      "links": [
        [
          "commune",
          "commune"
        ],
        [
          "people's commune",
          "people's commune"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "commune",
        "(specifically) people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "19 81",
          "roman": "rénmín gōngshè",
          "sense": "people's commune",
          "word": "人民公社"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "specifically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gōngshè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ se⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng¹ sia⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gōngshè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gongshè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kung¹-shê⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūng-shè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gongsheh"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gunšɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гуншэ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "公社",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Homophones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "公設",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Homophones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "公设",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Homophones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ se⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūng séh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ se⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ sé⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng¹ sia⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng² nia⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Hinghwa-Romanized"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "go̤ng-siā"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((ɬ-))nia¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng¹ sia⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng² nia⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((ɬ-))nia²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siǎ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ³³ sia²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siā"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siā"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kongsia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taipei",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "公",
        "2": "こう",
        "3": "社",
        "4": "しゃ",
        "t1": "public",
        "t2": "company"
      },
      "expansion": "公(こう) (kō, “public”) + 社(しゃ) (sha, “company”)",
      "name": "com-ja"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of 公(こう) (kō, “public”) + 社(しゃ) (sha, “company”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "公社",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "公",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "社",
          "しゃ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōsha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "公社",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "kanji",
        "kyūjitai"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうしゃ"
      },
      "expansion": "公(こう)社(しゃ) • (kōsha)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation",
          "roman": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "日",
              "にっ"
            ],
            [
              "本",
              "ぽん"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "信",
              "しん"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "話",
              "わ"
            ],
            [
              "公",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "社",
              "しゃ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "日本電信電話公社",
          "translation": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              24,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "United States Postal Service",
          "roman": "United States Postal Service",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "合",
              "がっ"
            ],
            [
              "衆",
              "しゅう"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "こく"
            ],
            [
              "郵",
              "ゆう"
            ],
            [
              "便",
              "びん"
            ],
            [
              "公",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "社",
              "しゃ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "アメリカ合衆国郵便公社",
          "translation": "United States Postal Service",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a public corporation"
      ],
      "id": "en-公社-ja-noun-6uAsbtJn",
      "links": [
        [
          "public",
          "public"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーしゃ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɕa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gongsa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공사",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "공사"
      },
      "expansion": "公社 • (gongsa) (hangeul 공사)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "government-run corporation",
          "word": "공사"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hanja form of 공사 (“government-run corporation”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-公社-ko-noun-sJUM1ErB",
      "links": [
        [
          "hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "공사",
          "공사#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "corporation",
          "corporation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "公社",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "公社",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of công xã (“commune”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-公社-vi-noun-B4kvmbFx",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "công xã",
          "công xã#Vietnamese:_公社"
        ],
        [
          "commune",
          "commune"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}
{
  "anagrams": [
    {
      "word": "社公"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 公",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 社",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Administrative divisions",
    "zh:China",
    "zh:Communism"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "rénmín gōngshè",
      "word": "人民公社"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yuánshǐ gōngshè",
      "word": "原始公社"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Bālí Gōngshè",
      "word": "巴黎公社"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shìzú gōngshè",
      "word": "氏族公社"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kōsha",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "公社",
          "こうしゃ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "公社"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Korean",
      "lang_code": "ko",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "gongsa",
      "word": "공사(公社)"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "lang_code": "vi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "公社",
      "word": "công xã"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "公社",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "commune",
        "primitive commune"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "commune",
          "commune"
        ],
        [
          "primitive",
          "primitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "commune",
        "(specifically) primitive commune"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "specifically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "commune",
        "people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "commune",
          "commune"
        ],
        [
          "people's commune",
          "people's commune"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "commune",
        "(specifically) people's commune (administrative unit in China from 1958 to 1983)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "specifically"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gōngshè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ se⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng¹ sia⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siā"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gōngshè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄨㄥ ㄕㄜˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gongshè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kung¹-shê⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūng-shè"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gongsheh"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gunšɛ",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гуншэ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ ʂɤ⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "公社",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Homophones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "公設",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Homophones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "公设",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Homophones"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese",
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ se⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gūng séh"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ se⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gung¹ sé⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʊŋ⁵⁵ sɛː¹³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng¹ sia⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng² nia⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Hinghwa-Romanized"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "go̤ng-siā"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ^((ɬ-))nia¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng¹ sia⁵"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gorng² nia⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɒŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ^((ɬ-))nia²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siǎ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siǎ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ³³ sia²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siā"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kong-siā"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kongsia"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sia²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sia³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "General Taiwanese"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taipei",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "shìzú gōngshè",
      "sense": "primitive commune",
      "word": "氏族公社"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yuánshǐ gōngshè",
      "sense": "primitive commune",
      "word": "原始公社"
    },
    {
      "roman": "rénmín gōngshè",
      "sense": "people's commune",
      "word": "人民公社"
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "公",
        "2": "こう",
        "3": "社",
        "4": "しゃ",
        "t1": "public",
        "t2": "company"
      },
      "expansion": "公(こう) (kō, “public”) + 社(しゃ) (sha, “company”)",
      "name": "com-ja"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compound of 公(こう) (kō, “public”) + 社(しゃ) (sha, “company”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "公社",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "公",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "社",
          "しゃ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōsha",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "公社",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "kanji",
        "kyūjitai"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうしゃ"
      },
      "expansion": "公(こう)社(しゃ) • (kōsha)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese compound terms",
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese nouns",
        "Japanese terms read with on'yomi",
        "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
        "Japanese terms spelled with 公 read as こう",
        "Japanese terms spelled with 社 read as しゃ",
        "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with Atamadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese terms with usage examples",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              49
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation",
          "roman": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "日",
              "にっ"
            ],
            [
              "本",
              "ぽん"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "信",
              "しん"
            ],
            [
              "電",
              "でん"
            ],
            [
              "話",
              "わ"
            ],
            [
              "公",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "社",
              "しゃ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "日本電信電話公社",
          "translation": "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              24,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "United States Postal Service",
          "roman": "United States Postal Service",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "合",
              "がっ"
            ],
            [
              "衆",
              "しゅう"
            ],
            [
              "国",
              "こく"
            ],
            [
              "郵",
              "ゆう"
            ],
            [
              "便",
              "びん"
            ],
            [
              "公",
              "こう"
            ],
            [
              "社",
              "しゃ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "アメリカ合衆国郵便公社",
          "translation": "United States Postal Service",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a public corporation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "public",
          "public"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーしゃ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːɕa̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gongsa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "공사",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hangeul": "공사"
      },
      "expansion": "公社 • (gongsa) (hangeul 공사)",
      "name": "ko-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean hanja forms",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean nouns",
        "Korean nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "government-run corporation",
          "word": "공사"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hanja form of 공사 (“government-run corporation”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "공사",
          "공사#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "corporation",
          "corporation"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "公社",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "公社",
      "name": "vi-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 4 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese nouns",
        "Vietnamese nouns in Han script"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of công xã (“commune”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "công xã",
          "công xã#Vietnamese:_公社"
        ],
        [
          "commune",
          "commune"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "公社"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 公社 meaning in All languages combined (9.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <sup> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "公社"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "公社",
  "trace": "started on line 20, detected on line 20"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </sup>",
  "path": [
    "公社"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "公社",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.